A is often the biggest upfront cost of renting. Know the rules to protect your money.
What Is a Security Deposit?
Money you pay upfront that the landlord holds as insurance against:
- Unpaid rent
- Damage beyond normal wear and tear
- Cleaning costs
- Breaking the lease early
Typical amounts:
- 1-2 months rent
- Some states cap it (check your local laws)
Normal Wear vs. Damage
Pro Tip
Understanding this difference is how you get your deposit back.
| Normal Wear (Can't Charge You) | Damage (Can Charge You) |
|---|---|
| Small nail holes from pictures | Large holes in walls |
| Faded paint from sunlight | Crayon/marker on walls |
| Worn carpet in walkways | Stains, burns, pet damage |
| Minor scuffs on floors | Deep scratches, gouges |
| Loose door handles | Broken doors/locks |
Protecting Your Deposit
Move-In Checklist
Do This
Document EVERYTHING before moving in:
- Take dated photos/videos of every room
- Note any existing damage in writing
- Get landlord signature on move-in checklist
- Keep copies of everything
During Your Lease
- Report maintenance issues in writing (email = paper trail)
- Don't make modifications without permission
- Follow pet policies exactly
Move-Out
Do This
Before handing over keys:
- Clean thoroughly (or hire cleaners)
- Patch small nail holes
- Take dated photos of everything
- Do a walkthrough with landlord if possible
- Get forwarding address receipt for deposit return
Know Your Rights
| Your Right | What It Means |
|---|---|
| Itemized deductions | Landlord must list exactly what they're charging for |
| Return timeline | Usually 14-30 days after move-out (varies by state) |
| Interest | Some states require interest on deposits |
| Legal limits | Can't charge for normal wear and tear |
Watch Out
If a landlord won't return your deposit without good reason, small claims court is often quick, cheap, and tenant-friendly.
Getting Your Money Back
Quick Win
When you move in: Take 50+ photos with timestamps. Email them to yourself AND the landlord. This 10-minute task can save you hundreds or thousands later.